The landscape of India’s global trade agreements has transformed remarkably since 2021, culminating in historic pacts that are reshaping market access, export opportunities, and economic diplomacy. At the heart of this shift is the India-European Union Free Trade Agreement — often called the “Mother of All Deals” — marking one of the biggest steps in India’s trade journey.
In this compact, SEO-optimized guide, we break down the key Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) India has signed recently, what they mean, and why they matter — all with easy-to-understand information and authoritative links.
India’s Major FTAs Since 2021
| Agreement Name | Signed On | Key Benefits | Status / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| India-Mauritius CECPA | Feb 22, 2021 | Duty-free access for many goods | Builds on long-standing ties |
| India-UAE CEPA | Feb 18, 2022 | Reduced tariffs on goods & services | Boosts Gulf trade corridor |
| India-Australia ECTA | Apr 2, 2022 | Preferential access for key exports | Opens agricultural & mining goods |
| India-EFTA TEPA (EFTA: Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) | Mar 10, 2024 | Zero-duty for most products + $100B investment pledge | Effective Oct 1, 2025 |
| India-UK Comprehensive Trade Agreement | Jul 24, 2025 | Broader tariff cuts & services cooperation | Key post-Brexit partner |
| India-Oman Trade Pact | Dec 18, 2025 | Expanded duty-free exports | Enhances Gulf trade synergy |
| India-New Zealand Agreement | Dec 2025 | Preferential trade access | Strengthens Pacific ties |
| India-EU Free Trade Agreement (Historic) | Jan 27, 2026 | Tariff removal on ~99% of goods & services access | Landmark deal covering 2B people |
🔎 Why These FTAs Matter
India’s trade strategy has evolved from bilateral deals to comprehensive global partnerships that boost exports, attract investment, and strengthen supply chains.
- Market Access Expansion:
The India-EU FTA opens one of the world’s largest markets (~2 billion consumers), offering tariff cuts on most goods and preferential access for services — a game-changer for exporters. - Sectoral Boosts:
Key Indian sectors like textiles, leather, gems, jewelry, and IT services are expected to see improved competitiveness with reduced duties and smoother regulations. - Investment & Jobs:
Agreements like the India-EFTA deal include huge investment commitments that could translate into job creation and technology flows. - Strategic Positioning:
These FTAs help India balance global trade relations, diversify partnerships beyond traditional markets, and reduce vulnerability to tariff volatility in major economies.
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❓ FAQs
Q1: What is the ‘Mother of All Deals’ in Indian trade history?
Q2: Which FTA is already in force among recent pacts?
The India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), signed in March 2024, is effective from 1 October 2025 and includes broad tariff liberalization and a significant investment pledge.
