Tensor G5 for Pixel 10: Google’s First Fully Custom ISP & TSMC’s 3nm Process

Google is making a significant shift with the Tensor G5 chip for the upcoming Pixel 10, marking its first move to TSMC’s 3nm-class process instead of Samsung’s foundry. A new report from Android Authority reveals key details about the chip, including Google’s first fully custom ISP.

Breaking Down Tensor G5’s Major Upgrades

With each iteration of Tensor chips, Google has gradually introduced more proprietary elements to enhance AI, photography, and system performance. The Tensor G5 represents the most significant leap yet, with multiple core improvements that could redefine Google’s smartphone experience.

1. Transition to TSMC’s 3nm-Class Process

One of the most significant changes in the Tensor G5 is Google’s shift from Samsung’s fabrication process to TSMC’s 3nm-class node. This move aligns Google with industry leaders like Apple and Qualcomm, who have long benefited from TSMC’s superior chip efficiency and performance. The transition is expected to deliver:

• Better Power Efficiency: TSMC’s 3nm process is more power-efficient, potentially increasing battery life in the Pixel 10.
• Higher Performance: A smaller manufacturing node allows for improved transistor density, leading to faster processing speeds.
• Reduced Heat Generation: TSMC’s manufacturing techniques result in lower thermal output, helping devices stay cooler under heavy workloads.

Google’s previous reliance on Samsung’s fabrication process led to some criticisms regarding heat management and efficiency. With the switch to TSMC, the Tensor G5 could offer a noticeable improvement in everyday performance and longevity.

2. The Shift to a Fully Custom ISP

For the first time, Google is integrating a fully custom Image Signal Processor (ISP), moving away from Samsung’s ISP with Google-specific enhancements. This change is crucial for Google’s computational photography advancements, as the ISP plays a vital role in:

• Low-Light Photography: A more optimized ISP can enhance Night Sight and Astrophotography modes.
• HDR+ Processing: Improved ISP capabilities mean better real-time HDR rendering and enhanced dynamic range.
• AI-Driven Image Enhancements: Google’s custom ISP will likely work in tandem with its AI models to refine details, reduce noise, and deliver better color accuracy.

3. GPU & TPU Enhancements

Another major change in Tensor G5 is the shift from an Arm Mali GPU to a PowerVR two-core IMG DXT-48-1536 clocked at 1.1GHz. This marks a departure from Google’s previous reliance on Mali GPUs and could have several implications:

• Better Graphics Performance: The new GPU might offer improved rendering, making gaming and video playback smoother.
• Improved AI Processing: The GPU works alongside the next-generation Google EdgeTPU, which enhances machine learning applications, from voice recognition to real-time translation.
• Enhanced Battery Efficiency: The switch to a new GPU architecture could contribute to lower power consumption.

Additionally, Google is incorporating a next-gen Google GXP DSP (Digital Signal Processor) while retaining its Emerald Hill memory compressor and AoC audio processor. These components are expected to boost both multimedia performance and system efficiency.

4. Advanced Display & Video Processing

Google is also revamping its display and video capabilities with the following upgrades:

• VeriSilicon DC9000 Display Controller/2D GPU: Expected to enhance display rendering and efficiency.
• Chips&Media WAVE677DV Video Codec: Supports up to 4K120 encoding and decoding for AV1, VP9, HEVC, and H.264.
• Farewell to BigWave: Google is moving away from its custom ‘BigWave’ AV1 video codec, potentially adopting a more industry-standard approach.

With these improvements, users can expect better video recording quality, more efficient video compression, and smoother streaming experiences.

5. USB & Storage Optimizations

Even though Google retains Synopsys DesignWare USB3 for USB support, it has partnered with multiple IP providers, including Synopsys and SmartDV Technologies, for additional optimizations. Additionally:

• Third-Party UFS Controller: Google is expected to source its UFS controller from an external vendor (exact details unknown at this time).
• Faster Data Transfers: Upgrades in storage management could result in improved app loading times and file transfer speeds.

Balancing Customization & External Components

Despite these advancements, the Tensor G5 will still rely on a mix of Google’s proprietary designs and third-party components. This hybrid approach allows Google to focus on areas where it excels—AI, photography, and software optimization—while outsourcing other elements to industry leaders.

• Custom Components: ISP, AI accelerators, and memory management.
• Third-Party Components: Storage controllers, connectivity modules, and fabrication process.

This balance ensures that Google maintains a competitive edge in its key focus areas without overextending its in-house chip development capabilities.

What This Means for Pixel 10

With all these changes, the Pixel 10 is shaping up to be one of Google’s most refined smartphones to date. Here’s what users can expect:

• Improved Battery Life: Thanks to TSMC’s 3nm efficiency gains.
• Better Camera Performance: A fully custom ISP means enhanced photography capabilities.
• Smoother Gaming & AI Features: The new GPU, TPU, and DSP will contribute to faster processing and seamless AI interactions.
• Enhanced Video Experience: 4K120 encoding/decoding and better compression standards will elevate video recording and playback quality.

While Tensor G5 still incorporates third-party components, Google’s increasing focus on customization indicates a future where its chips become even more specialized for AI-driven applications.

Final Thoughts: A Step Towards Google’s Chip Independence?

Google’s shift toward a fully custom ISP and greater chip-level optimizations suggests that it is gradually working towards more independence in semiconductor design. While it still relies on external suppliers for fabrication and certain components, each Tensor generation moves closer to a Google-first ecosystem.

The transition to TSMC’s 3nm process, along with the adoption of a custom ISP, signals a promising direction for Google’s future in smartphone chipsets. If the Tensor G5 delivers on its potential, Pixel 10 could offer the best AI-driven smartphone experience yet.

As we approach the official launch of Pixel 10, all eyes are on Google to see how these advancements translate into real-world performance. Stay tuned for more updates on Google’s most ambitious Tensor chip yet!